Allergy & Congestion
"Over the counter solutions"
Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless airborne particles such as pollen, grass, ragweed, or mold spores. When these allergens enter the nose, eyes, or throat, the body treats them as threats and releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals, leading to irritation and swelling.
Triggers often vary by season—tree pollen in the spring, grass pollen in the summer, and ragweed in the fall. Unlike colds or flu, seasonal allergies do not cause fever and may last as long as exposure to allergens continues.
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Allergy Oral Tablets and Liquids
Oral antihistamines work by blocking H1 receptors, which are the sites where histamine attaches in the nose, eyes, and skin during an allergic reaction. When allergens enter the body, histamine release causes symptoms such as sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes. By preventing histamine from binding to these receptors, antihistamines help stop symptoms before they worsen and provide relief throughout the day.
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Runny Nose Drops and Sprays
Nasal allergy sprays and drops target inflammation and histamine release directly within the nasal passages, where allergy symptoms typically begin. Steroid-based options—such as fluticasone, triamcinolone, and budesonide—work by entering nasal cells and blocking inflammatory mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines. This reduces swelling, mucus production, and congestion over time.
Antihistamine sprays and drops, such as azelastine, act more quickly by blocking H1 receptors in the nasal lining to reduce sneezing and runny nose. Non-medicated saline sprays and drops provide mechanical relief by rinsing away pollen, thinning mucus, and moisturizing irritated tissues, which can improve breathing and enhance the effectiveness of other treatments.
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Eye Drops
Allergy eye drops work directly on the eye surface to relieve itching, redness, and tearing caused by allergens. Antihistamine and mast-cell stabilizing drops, such as ketotifen and olopatadine, offer dual action by quickly blocking histamine effects and preventing further histamine release. This provides both fast and long-lasting relief.
Lubricating artificial tears help flush allergens from the eyes and soothe irritation. Avoiding redness-only drops is recommended, as they may cause rebound redness with repeated use.
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When to See a Doctor
While most seasonal allergy symptoms can be managed with OTC treatments, seek medical care if:
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Symptoms are severe, persistent, or not relieved by OTC options
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Allergies significantly interfere with sleep, work, or daily activities
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Wheezing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath develops
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Symptoms occur year-round, which may indicate additional allergic conditions